Frederick Douglass: The Philosophical Writings (Oxford New Histories of Philosophy)

Frederick Douglass' fame as an activist and abolitionist often eclipses his less appreciated work as a political philosopher. Indeed, few people know that he declared in an 1867 speech: "From this little bit of experience, slave experience, I have elaborated quite a lengthy chapter of political philosophy, applicable to the American people." However, Douglass did not develop this philosophy systematically. Instead, he expressed it in myriad moments and fragments throughout his writings, and for this reason it is often overlooked, even by scholars of philosophy. The philosophy Douglass drew from his experience of enslavement and anti-Black racism is as relevant today as it was in his lifetime. More than any other abolitionist and Black activist of his day, Douglass saw that the slavery system was both the cause and the consequence of virulent anti-Black racism. Seeking to understand and repudiate not just racism, but also sexism and nativism, he developed a powerful theory of human nature, human powers, and human dignity that he subsequently wove into a profound theory of democracy and democratic citizenship.